Arabic The conversion of a masculine verb into a feminine verb

In this part of the lesson we will learn the conversion of a masculine verb to the feminine verb In-Shā’-Allâh.
For the past tense of a verb i.e. الْفِعْلُ الْمَاضِي the following rules are applied

When a masculine noun is changed to a feminine for the pronoun (e.g. from ‘he’ to ‘she’ in the example above), a letter ‘ta’’ with a sukūn is added at the end of the verb that follows i.e., ذَهَبَ will be changed to ذَهَبَتْ.
However, when the noun is a subject following a verb, and that noun is definite with the article (al) (e.g. the girl) then instead of a ‘ta’ with a sukūn a ‘ta’ with the genitive case (kasrah) is added to the verb i.e., the verb will be ذَهَبَتِ الْبِنْتُ instead of ذَهَبَتْ الْبِنْتُ.
Let’s take some examples to better understand the rule:

English	Arabic Sentence	Gender of Verb
Ahmad went to the house	ذَهَبَ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
Fatima went to the house	ذَهَبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
The young man went out of the class	خَرَجَ الْفَتَى مِنَ الْفَصْلِ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
The young lady went out of the class	خَرَجَتِ الْفَتَاةُ مِنَ الْفَصْلِ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
You (masculine) sat on a chair	جَلَسْتَ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
You (feminine) sat on a chair	جَلَسْتِ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
The male teacher stood in front of the black board	وَقَفَ الْمُدَرِّسُ أَمَامَ الْسَبُّورَةِ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
The lady teacher stood in front of the black board	وَقَفَتِ الْمُدَرِّسَةُ أَمَامَ السَبُّورَةِ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
The father opened the door	فَتَحَ الأَبُ الْبَابَ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
The mother opened the door	فَتَحَتِ الأُمُّ الْبَابَ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
The male student read the lesson	دَرَسَ الطَّالِبُ الدَّرْسَ.	الْمُذَكَّرُ
The female student read the lesson	دَرَسَتِ الطَّالِبَةُ الدَّرْسَ.	الْمُؤَنَّثُ

Continued

In this lesson, we will learn the use of the Relative Pronoun for the feminine nouns, In-Shā’-Allâh. In Lesson 9 section 004 we have already learnt about the Relative Pronoun for the masculine nouns. We know that a Relative Pronoun is used to refer or relate to some noun preceding it. The masculine form of the Relative Pronoun is الَّذِي and is translated as ‘who’ if used for a human being and to ‘which or that’ if used for the non human beings. Similarly the feminine form of the Relative Pronoun is الَّتِي with the same meaning as the masculine form, however used for feminine objects or persons.
Consider the following examples:

Picture	English	Arabic
	This is Fatima who went out	هَذِهِ فَاطِمَةُ الَّتِي خَرَجَتْ.
	This is the window which is open	هَذِهِ النَّافِذَةُ الَّتِي فُتِحَتْ.
	This is the bag that is under the desk	هَذِهِ هِيَ الْحَقِيبَةُ الَّتِي تَحْتَ الْمَكْتَبِِ.

In the above sentences, the nouns: Fatima, the window and a bag, are called Antecedents and the words “who, which and that” refer to them respectively hence they are the Relative Pronouns.
Similar to الَّذِي the word الَّتِي refers to all the three words (who, which and that).
Let’s take some more examples of this rule:

Picture	English	Arabic
	The car that went out now is mine	الْسَّيَّارَةُ الَّتِي خَرَجَتِ الآنَ لِي.
	The pen which is on the desk belongs to Nasir	الْقَلَمُ الَّذِي فَوْقَ الْمَكْتَبِِ لِنَاصِرٍ.
	That cat which is on the tree belongs to her	تِلْكَ الْهِرَّةُ الَّتِي عَلَى الشَّجَرَةِ لَهَا.
	The young boy who is near the black board is from Malaysia	الْفَتَى الَّذِي عِنْدَ الْسَّبُّورَةِ مِنْ مَالِيزِيَا.
	The young lady who went to the market is Fatima	الْفَتَاةُ الَّتِي ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى السُّوْقِِ فَاطِمَةُ.
	The house which is in the street belongs to the minister	الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي فِي الشَّارِعِ لِلْوَزِيرِِ