Arabic Pronouns LESSON 6 Pronouns We are listing below the possessive (إِضَافِيُ ) and objective (مَفْعُوْلِيُ ) pronouns. By possessive, we mean those pronouns, which indicate possession, and by objective we mean those pronouns, which refer to the object. Table 6.1 Possessive ( إِ ضافُِ يُ ) & Objective (م فع ولِ يُ ) Pronouns Person Gender Plurality Pronouns English Arabic Third Person (غَائِبٌُ ) Masculine (مُذَكَّرٌُ ) Singular his, him هُُ Dual their, them هَُُا Plural their, them ىُمُْ Feminine ( مُؤَُنَّثٌُ ) Singular hers, her ىَا Dual their, them هَُُا Plural their, them ىُنَُّ Second Person (حَاضِرٌُ ) Masculine (مُذَكَّرٌُ ) Singular your, you كَُ Dual your, you كُمَا Plural your, you كُمُْ Feminine (مُؤَنَّثٌُ ) Singular your, you كُِ Dual your, you كُمَا Plural your, you كُنَُّ First Person (مُتَكَلِّمٌُ ) Masculine/ Feminine Singular my, me يُْ ,ُ نُُِ Masculine/ Feminine Dual/ Plural ours, us نَا Lesson 6 36 These pronouns can come after nouns, verbs and particles as shown in the examples below. After a noun: قَ لَمُوُُ – his (S/M) pen كِتَابُكَُ – your (S/M) book كِتَابُِْ – my book كِتَاب هَُا – her (S/F) book. After a verb: نَصَرْتُوُُ – I helped him أَُمَرْتُكَُ – I commanded you نَصَرْتَنُِْ – you (S/M) helped me. After a particle: فِيْوُِ – in it لَوُُ – for him مُِنْكَُ – from you (S/M) إُِلَيْ نَا – to/towards us إِنَّكُمُْ – indeed you (P/M) عَلَيْوُِ – on him. The two pronouns ( مَُفُْعُُوُْلُِي and إ ضَُافِيُ ) mentioned above are used most frequently in Arabic and should be understood well. The following pronouns are subjective ( فَُاعُِلُِ ي يُ ). Examples are not being given for these since these are easier to learn. ضَمَائِرُُ Table 6.2 Subjective ( ف اعِلُِ يُ ) Pronouns In Arabic grammar, the technical terms that are usually used for these pronouns are فَُاعُِلُِ ي يُ مَُُرُْفُ وُُْعٌُُ , مَُفُْعُُوُْلِيُ مَُُنُْصُُوُْبٌُ , and إُِضَُافِيُ مََُُْرُُوُْرٌُ but for the ease of students, we have used the terms فَُاعُِلُِ ي يُ , مَُفُْعُُوُْلِيُ and إُِضَُافِيُ . Person Gender Plurality Pronouns English Arabic Third Person (غَائِبٌُ ) Masculine ( مُُذَكَّرٌُ ) Singular he ىُوَُ Dual they هَُُا Plural they ىُمُْ Feminine (مُؤَنَّثٌُ ) Singular she ىُِيَُ Dual they هَُُا Plural they ىُنَُّ Second Person (حَاضِرٌُ ) Masculine (مُذَكَّرٌُ ) Singular you أَُنْتَُ Dual you أَُنْ تُمَا Plural you أَُنْ تُمُْ Feminine (مُؤَنَّثٌُ ) Singular you أَُنْتُِ Dual you أَُنْ تُمَا Plural you أَُنْ تَُُّ First Person (مُتَكَلِّمٌُ ) Masculine/ Feminine Singular I أَُنَا Masculine/ Feminine Dual/ Plural We نَحْنُُ Lesson 6 38 Word List English Arabic Singular Plural tongue لِسَانٌُ أَُلْسِنَةٌُ head رَأْسٌُ رُؤُوْسٌُ nose أَُنْفٌُ أُُن وُْفٌُ hand يَدٌُ أَُيْدٍُ ,ُ اَُلَُْيْدِىُْ tooth سِنٌ )ُسِ ي نُ( أَُسْنَانٌُ chest صَدْرٌُ صُدُوْرٌُ handkerchief مِنْدِيْلٌُ مَنَادِيْلُُ car سَيَّارَةٌُ سَيَّارَاتٌُ to ride رَكْبٌُ bicycle دَرَّاجَةٌُ دَرَّاجَاتٌُ to break كَسْرٌُ shoe حِذَاءٌُ أَُحْذِيَةٌُ to fall سَقْطٌُ to lift, to raise رَفُْعٌُ he played لَعُِبَُ ball كُرَةٌُ كُرَاتٌُ order, command أَُمْرٌُ أَُوَامِرُُ to lie down اِضْطِجَاعٌُ Remembrance ذِكْرٌُ Mango اَنْ بَجْ، مَُنْجُوُْ Apple ت فَُّاحَةٌُ ت فَُّاحٌُ field; arable land حَقْلٌُ حُقُوْلٌُ ضَمَائِرُُ 39 English Arabic Singular Plural melon, watermelon بِطِّيْخٌُ cucumber قِثَّاءٌُ act of kindness, favor; grant إُِنْ عَامٌُ with مَعَُ to snatch خَطُْفٌُ to warn إُِنْذَارٌُ to seal; seal خَتْمٌُ eyesight; glance بَصَرٌُ أَُبْصَارٌُ veil, covering غِشَاوَةٌُ to leave; abandonment تَ رْكٌُ light ن وُْرٌُ أَُنْ وَارٌُ covenant مِيْثَاقٌُ مَوَاثِيْقُُ to send down; revelation تَ نْزِيْلٌُ fuel وَقُ وْدٌُ eternal خَالِدٌُ خَالِدُوْنَُ presentation عَرْضٌُ dwelling مُسْتَ قَيرُ object; property مَتَاعٌُ أَُمُْتُِعَةٌُ time حِيٌُْ أَُحْيَانٌُ to speak, say, tell قَ وْلٌُ to take أَُخْذٌُ above فَ وْقَُ old فَارِضٌُ فَ وَارِضُُ Lesson 6 Exercise 1: Translate into Arabic My father His mother Her tongue Your (S/M) head Your (S/F) nose My hand English Arabic Singular Plural young بِكْرٌُ أَُبْكَارٌُ color لَوْنٌُ أَُلْوَانٌُ bright yellow فَاقِعٌُ who?, whoever; the one who; those who مَنُْ compensation, reward أَُجْرٌُ أُُجُوْرٌُ then; so; therefore فَُ indeed إِنَُّ before, previously, earlier قَ بْلُُ )ُقَ بْلَُ( name of a mountain طُوْرٌُ angel مَلَكٌُ مَلََئِكَةٌُ clean, pure (F) مُطَهَّرَةٌُ husband; wife; spouse زَوْجٌُ أَُزْوَاجٌُ hearing, also used for ears سََْعٌُ livelihood, sustenance رِزْقٌُ أَُرْزَاقٌُ he did, acted عَمِلَُ soul; heart; also used in the meaning of oneself, himself, herself, and so on ن فَْسٌُ أَنْ فُسٌُ ضَمَائِرُُ 41 Their (P/F) teeth Their (P/M) chests Our handkerchief I rode in your (S/M) car. She broke my bike. The shoe fell off your (S/M) foot. I stopped them (P/F). They (P/M) raised me. You (P/M) played with the ball. They (P/M) ordered me to lie down. They (D/M) looked at me. You (D/F) worshipped him. My mother remembered me yesterday. You (S/M) ate a mango and an apple in your garden and you ate a watermelon and a cucumber in your field. Exercise 2: Translate into English أَُنْعَمْتَعَُلَيْهِمُْ إُِنَّامَُعَكُمُْ رَزَقْنَاىُمُْ أَُنْذَرْتَهُمُْ خَتَمَاُللهُعَُلىٰقُُلُوْبِِِمْوَُعَُلىٰسََُْعِهِمُْ عَلىٰأَُُبْصَارِىِمْغُِشَاوَةٌُ خَدَعُوْاأَُُنْفُسَهُُمُْ ذَىَبَاُللهُبُِنُوْرِىِمْوَُتَُرَكَهُمْفُِِْظُُلُمٰتٍُ خَطَفَاُلْبَرْقُأَُُبْصَارَىُمُْ اِنَّرَُبَّكُمْخَُلَقَكُمُْ نزََّلْنَاعَُلىٰعَُبْدِنَا وَقُوْدُىَااُلنَّاسُوَُاُلِْْجَارَةُُ لََمُْفُِيْهَاأَُُزْوَاجٌمُُّطَهَّرَةٌوَُىُُمْفُِيْهَاخُٰلِدُوْنَُ Lesson 6 42 عَرَضَُهُمْعَُلىَاُلْمَلُٰئِكَةُِ لَكُمْفُِِْاُلَُْْرْضِمُُسْتَقَيروَُّمَُتَاعٌإُُِلٰحُِيٍُْ قَالَمُُوْسىٰلُِقَوْمِوِإُُِنَّكُمْظَُلَمْتُمْأَُُنْفُسَكُمُْ أَُخَذْنَامُِيْثَاقَكُمْوَُرَُفَعْنَافَُوْقَكُمُاُلطُّوْرَُ إِنهََّابُقََرَةٌلََُّفَُُارِضٌوَُّلََُبُِكْرٌلَُوُْنهَُافَُاقِعٌُ مَنْاُُٰمَنَبُِاللهِوَُاُلْيَوْمِاُلُْخِرِوَُعَُمِلَصَُالًِْافَُلَهُمْأَُُجْرُُىُمْعُِنْدَرَُبِِِّمُْ اُٰمَنَّابُِاللهِوَُمَُاأُُُنْزِلَإُُِلٰرَُسُوْلِنَاوَُمَُاأُُُنْزِلَمُِنْقَُبْلِوُِ
