Arabic Alphabet Chart [29] – Learn Arabic Free Online
Now, you can deduce from the herein above Chart that Arabic letters are 29 with the letter hamza, sometimes is regarded as a separate Letter. Further, in the first column above, you can see some dashes or symbols on the Arabic Letter above or below them; they are called Arabic vowels (Described later).
Consider the following three Arabic Letters Characteristics:
a- Letters are connected to form words.
b- Words have vowels on it (described later).
c- Some letters have dots on it.
Do you know that:
1- Arabic structure is different in Alphabet from any other Language.
2- Arabic letters form words by connecting them together.
3- Arabic Alphabet is written and read from right to left.
4- Arabic Letters’ writing has three forms: initial, medial, and final i.e. different in shape according to their position.
5- Letters in isolation and final are mostly the same in shape.
6- Letters in the initial and medial positions are mostly the same in shape.
7- There are many print forms, types of fonts and writing forms for Arabic; yet most common of which is /̛ān-naskh/ (normal writing) النَسخ and /̛ār-ruqعa/ الرِقعة. An elementary/ intermediate Reader/ Learner is advised to use /̛ān-naskh/ writing form.
8- You can find the correct pronunciation in Arabic just from the spelling of the word which is considered a no-trouble-trick of Arabic pronunciation.
9- Arabic Letters can be divided into two groups according to their position
1st Group
– Can’t be joined on the left side.
– Can be joined to a preceding letter but never to a following one.
– Then, all Arabic Letters in the Alphabet could be connected from both sides except the following mentioned Letters.(see table below)
2nd Group
– Change shape according to their position in the word.
| 1st Group (Non-Connecting Letters) | 1st Group Examples | 2nd Group (Connecting Letters) | 2nd Group Examples |
| ālif ا | سَمَاء /samā̛/ for “sky” |
عain ع | Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final) |
| Dāl د | الدَهر /̛ād-dahr/ for “past life” |
ghain غ | Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final) |
| zāl ذ | الذَهب /̛āz-zahab/ For “gold” |
kāf ك | Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final) |
| rā̛ ر | الرَمَادِي /̛ā̛r-ramādy/ for “grey color” |
hā̛ ه هـ | Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final) |
| zāy ز | الزَمَان /̛āz-zamān/ For “past” |
yā̛ ي | Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final) |
| wāw و | الوَطَن /̛āl-watan/ for “homeland” |
hamza ء أُ إِ أَ |
Refer to the three Arabic Letters’ Writing Forms (initial – medial – final). NB: this letter will be discussed later |
10- Few Arabic Written Letters could be only differentiated by their dots :
| bā̛ ب tā̛ ت thā̛ ث |
jim ج hā̛ ح khā̛ خ |
dāl د Zāl ذ rā̛ ر Zāy ز |
| sin س shin ش |
sād ص dād ض |
tā̛ ط ẓā̛ ظ |
| عain ع ghain غ |
fā̛ ف qāf ق |
nun ن |
11- There are Confusing Arabic Written Letters phonetically-wise:
| Light Sound in Pronunciation | Heavy Sound in Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| tā̛ ت | tā̛ ط |
| Dāl د | dād ض |
| zāl ذ | ẓā̛ ظ |
| sin س | sād ص |
| Kāf ك | qāf ق |
12- The Letter tā̛ ت; sometimes it is written like the letter hā̛ in its final form ـهyet with two dots above it ـة. This letter is mostly seen in its final position to indicate a feminine gender ending and is termed ” tā̛ Marbutah”.
13- The Letters fā̛ and qāf in Moroccan Written Arabic are different in their shape as seen below:
| Position in word | Isolated | Initial | Medial | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of the letter fā̛ in Moroccan Arabic | ڢ | ڢـ | ـڢـ | ـڢ |
| Form of the letter qāf in Moroccan Arabic | ڡ | ڧـ | ـڧـ | ڡ |