Arabic Verbs 3
Imperfective Structures
Forms II Through QIV (continued)
♪Ya–i Verbs
Represented by form VII in the three introductory examples, these verbs have the prefix ya– and the green vowel i in the active voice (and like all imperfective verbs, the prefix yu– and the green vowel a in the passive voice).
Ya–i verbs are the majority of the verb forms. They can be identified by elimination: any verb form that is neither quadriliteral (composed of four letters) nor begins with a reflexive prefix ta- will be a Ya–i verb. The Ya–i verbs are namely the forms VII through XV and forms QIII & QIV .
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Ya–i Verb Forms |
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Imperfective (Active-Indicative) |
Perfective (Active) |
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Form VII |
يَنْفَعِلُ |
اِنْفَعَلَ |
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yanfa“il(u) |
‘infa“al(a) |
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Form VIII |
يَفْتَعِلُ |
اِفْتَعَلَ |
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yafta“il(u) |
‘ifta“al(a) |
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Form IX |
يَفْعَلُّ* |
اِفْعَلََّ |
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yaf”all(u) |
‘if”all(a) |
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Form X |
يَسْتَفْعِلُ |
اِسْتَفْعَلَ |
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yastaf”il(u) |
‘istaf”al(a) |
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Form XI |
يَفْعَاْلُّ* |
اِفْعَاْلَّ |
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yaf”aall(u) |
‘if”aall(a) |
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Form XII |
يَفْعَوْعِلُ |
اِفْعَوْعَلَ |
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yaf”aw”il(u) |
‘if”aw”al(a) |
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Form XIII |
يَفْعَوِّلُ |
اِفْعَوَّلَ |
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yaf”awwil(u) |
‘if”awwal(a) |
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Form XIV |
يَفْعَنْلِلُ |
اِفْعَنْلَلَ |
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yaf”anlil(u) |
‘if”anlal(a) |
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Form XV |
يَفْعَنْلِيْ* |
اِفْعَنْلَىْ |
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yaf”anliy |
‘if”anlaa |
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Form QIII |
يَفْعَنْلِلُ |
اِفْعَنْلَلَ |
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yaf”anlil(u) |
‘if”anlal(a) |
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Form QIV |
يَفْعَلِلُّ* |
اِفْعَلَلَّ |
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yaf”alill(u) |
‘if”alall(a) |
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*These are irregular doubled verb. The green vowel is hidden in forms IX & XI and displaced backward in form QIV. The original structures of these forms will be restored only in the feminine plural conjugations.
*This verb always conjugates as a defective verb. The final weak A will be transformed to y in the imperfective.
Examples on conjugation:
Form VIII
اِنْزَعَجَ
‘inza“aj(a)
(He) was/became annoyed
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِنْزَعَجَ :اِنْفَعَلَ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) become annoyed |
‘anza”ij(u) |
أَنْزَعِجُ |
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(You masc.) become annoyed |
tanza”ij(u) |
تَنْزَعِجُ |
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(You fem.) become annoyed |
tanza”ijeen(a) |
تنْزَعِجِيْنَ |
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(He) becomes annoyed |
yanza”ij(u) |
يَنْزَعِجُ |
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(She) becomes annoyed |
tanza”ij(u) |
تَنْزَعِجُ |
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D U A L |
(You) become annoyed |
tanza”ijaan(i) |
تَنْزَعِجَاْنِ |
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(They masc.) become annoyed |
yanza”ijaan(i) |
يَنْزَعِجَاْنِ |
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(They fem.) become annoyed |
tanza”ijaan(i) |
تَنْزَعِجَاْنِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) become annoyed |
nanza”ij(u) |
نَنْزَعِجُ |
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(You masc.) become annoyed |
tanza”ijoon(a) |
تَنْزَعِجُوْنَ |
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(You fem.) become annoyed |
tanza”ijn(a) |
تَنْزَعِجْنَ |
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(They masc.) become annoyed |
yanza”ijoon(a) |
يَنْزَعِجُوْنَ |
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(They fem.) become annoyed |
yanza”ijn(a) |
يَنْزَعِجْنَ |
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Form VIII
اِنْتَظَرَ
‘intzar(a)
(He) waited (tr.)
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِنْتَظَرَ : اِفْتَعَلَ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) wait |
‘antazir(u) |
أَنْتَظِرُ |
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(You masc.) wait |
tantazir(u) |
تَنْتَظِرُ |
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(You fem.) wait |
tantazireen(a) |
تَنْتَظِرِيْنَ |
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(He) waits |
yantazir(u) |
يَنْتَظِرُ |
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(She) waits |
tantazir(u) |
تَنْتَظِرُ |
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D U A L |
(You) wait |
tantaziraan(i) |
تَنْتَظِرَاْنِ |
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(They masc.) wait |
yantaziraan(i) |
يَنْتَظِرَاْنِ |
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(They fem.) wait |
tantaziraan(i) |
تَنْتَظِرَاْنِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) wait |
nantazir(u) |
نَنْتَظِرُ |
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(You masc.) wait |
tantaziroon(a) |
تَنْتَظِرُوْنَ |
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(You fem.) wait |
tantazirn(a) |
تَنْتَظِرْنَ |
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(They masc.) wait |
yantaziroon(a) |
يَنْتَظِرُوْنَ |
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(They fem.) wait |
yantazirn(a) |
يَنْتَظِرْنَ |
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Try conjugating the following verb:
اِنْتَصَرَ
‘intasar(a)
(He) won
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِنْتَصَرَ : اِفْتَعَلَ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) win |
‘antasir(u) |
أَنْتَصِرُ |
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(You masc.) win |
tantasir(u) |
تَنْتَصِرُ |
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(You fem.) win |
tantasireen(a) |
تَنْتَصِرِيْنَ |
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(He) wins |
yantasir(u) |
يَنْتَصِرُ |
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(She) wins |
tantasir(u) |
تَنْتَصِرُ |
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D U A L |
(You) win |
tantasiraan(i) |
تَنْتَصِرَاْنِ |
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(They masc.) win |
yantasiraan(i) |
يَنْتَصِرَاْنِ |
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(They fem.) win |
tantasiraan(i) |
تَنْتَصِرَاْنِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) win |
nantasir(u) |
نَنْتَصِرُ |
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(You masc.) win |
tantasiroon(a) |
تَنْتَصِرُوْنَ |
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(You fem.) win |
tantasirn(a) |
تَنْتَصِرْنَ |
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(They masc.) win |
yantasiroon(a) |
يَنْتَصِرُوْنَ |
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(They fem.) win |
yantasirn(a) |
يَنْتَصِرْنَ |
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The forms that denote color or bodily defect state of the subject (IX & XI) are doubled verbs. They will conjugate regularly except in the feminine plural conjugations where they will need the insertion of an i (the hidden green vowel) between the two doubled letters of the stem.
Form IX
اِخْضَرَّ
‘ikhdarr(a)
(He) greened (up)
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِخْضَرَّ : اِفْعَلَّ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) green |
‘akhdarr(u) |
أَخْضَرُّ |
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(You masc.) green |
takhdarr(u) |
تَخْضَرُّ |
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(You fem.) green |
takhdarreen(a) |
تَخْضَرِّيْنَ |
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(He) greens |
yakhdarr(u) |
يَخْضَرُّ |
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(She) greens |
takhdarr(u) |
تَخْضَرُّ |
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D U A L |
(You) green |
takhdarraan(i) |
تَخْضَرَّاْنِ |
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(They masc.) green |
yakhdarraan(i) |
يَخْضَرَّاْنِ |
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(They fem.) green |
takhdarraan(i) |
تَخْضَرَّاْنِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) green |
nakhdarr(u) |
نَخْضَرُّ |
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(You masc.) green |
takhdarroon(a) |
تَخْضَرُّوْنَ |
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(You fem.) green |
takhdarirn(a) |
تَخْضَرِرْنَ |
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(They masc.) green |
yakhdarroon(a) |
يَخْضَرُّوْنَ |
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(They fem.) green |
yakhdarirn(a) |
يَخْضَرِرْنَ |
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Form XI
اِحْمَاْرَّ
‘ihmaarr(a)
(He) reddened (up) (much)
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِحْمَاْرَّ : اِفْعَاْلَّ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) green |
‘ahmaarr(u) |
أَحْمَاْرُّ |
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(You masc.) green |
tahmaarr(u) |
تَحْمَاْرُّ |
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(You fem.) green |
tahmaarreen(a) |
تَحْمَاْرِّيْنَ |
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(He) greens |
yahmaarr(u) |
يَحْمَاْرُّ |
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(She) greens |
tahmaarr(u) |
تَحْمَاْرُّ |
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D U A L |
(You) green |
tahmaarraan(i) |
تَحْمَاْرَّاْنِ |
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(They masc.) green |
yahmaarraan(i) |
يَحْمَاْرَّاْنِ |
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(They fem.) green |
tahmaarraan(i) |
تَحْمَاْرَّاْنِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) green |
nahmaarr(u) |
نَحْمَاْرُّ |
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(You masc.) green |
tahmaarroon(a) |
تَحْمَاْرُّوْنَ |
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(You fem.) green |
tahmaarirn(a) |
تَحْمَاْرِرْنَ |
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(They masc.) green |
yahmaarroon(a) |
يَحْمَاْرُّوْنَ |
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(They fem.) green |
yahmaarirn(a) |
يَحْمَاْرِرْنَ |
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Form X
اِسْتَعْمَلَ
‘ista“mal(a)
(He) used
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِسْتَعْمَلَ :اِسْتَفْعَلَ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) use |
‘asta”mil(u) |
أَسْتَعْمِلُ |
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(You masc.) use |
tasta”mil(u) |
تَسْتَعْمِلُ |
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(You fem.) use |
tasta”mileen(a) |
تَسْتَعْمِليْنَ |
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(He) uses |
yasta”mil(u) |
يَسْتَعْمِلُ |
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(She) uses |
tasta”mil(u) |
تَسْتَعْمِلُ |
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D U A L |
(You) use |
tasta”milaan(i) |
تَسْتَعْمِلانِ |
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(They masc.) use |
yasta”milaan(i) |
يَسْتَعْمِلانِ |
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(They fem.) use |
tasta”milaan(i) |
تَسْتَعْمِلانِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) use |
nasta”mil(u) |
نَسْتَعْمِلُ |
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(You masc.) use |
tasta”miloon(a) |
تَسْتَعْمِلوْنَ |
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(You fem.) use |
tasta”miln(a) |
تَسْتَعْمِلْنَ |
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(They masc.) use |
yasta”miloon(a) |
يَسْتَعْمِلُوْنَ |
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(They fem.) use |
yasta”miln(a) |
يَسْتَعْمِلْنَ |
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Form QIV is also a doubled verbs like forms IX & XI; however, the green short vowel here is not hidden but is rather displaced backward. In the feminine plural conjugations, the original form of QIV verbs (‘if”allal(a)) must be restored before conjugation; or, in another way of saying it, the green short vowel must be restored to its original place in the feminine plural conjugations.
Form QIV
اِطْمَأَنَّ
‘itma‘ann(a)
(He) was/became reassured
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المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِطْمَأَنَّ :اِفْعَلَلَّ |
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S I N G U L A R |
(I) become reassured |
‘atma’inn(u) |
أَطْمَئِنُّ |
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(You masc.) become reassured |
tatma’inn(u) |
تَطْمَئِنُّ |
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(You fem.) become reassured |
tatma’inneen(a) |
تَطْمَئِنِّيْنَ |
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(He) becomes reassured |
yatma’inn(u) |
يَطْمَئِنُّ |
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(She) becomes reassured |
tatma’inn(u) |
تَطْمَئِنُّ |
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D U A L |
(You) become reassured |
tatma’innaan(i) |
تَطْمَئِنّانِ |
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(They masc.) become reassured |
yatma’innaan(i) |
يَطْمَئِنّانِ |
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(They fem.) become reassured |
tatma’innaan(i) |
تَطْمَئِنّانِ |
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P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) become reassured |
natma’inn(u) |
نَطْمَئِنّ |
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(You masc.) become reassured |
tatma’innoon(a) |
تَطْمَئِنّوْنَ |
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(You fem.) become reassured |
tatma'<ninn(a) |
تَطْمَئْنِنَّ |
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(They masc.) become reassured |
yatma’innoon(a) |
يَطْمَئِنُّونَ |
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(They fem.) become reassured |
yatma'<ninn(a) |
يَطْمَئْنِنَّ |
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Imperfective Conjugation |
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| Yu–i Verbs | Forms II, III, IV, & QI | four forms with four letters |
| Ya–a Verbs | Forms V, VI & QII | prefix ta- |
| Ya–i Verbs | Forms VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, QIII & QIV | Everything else |
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Imperfective Conjugation |
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Ya–a |
Active voice of forms I, V, VI & QII |
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Ya–i |
Active voice of forms I, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, QIII & QIV |
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Ya–u |
Active voice of form I |
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Yu–i |
Active voice of forms II, III, IV, & QI |
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Yu–a |
Passive voice of all forms |
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Arabic Verbs |
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Imperfective (Active-Indicative) |
Perfective (Active) |
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Form I |
يَفْعلُ |
فَعلَ |
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yaf”?l(u) |
fa“?l(a) |
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Form II |
يُفَعِّلُ |
فَعَّلَ |
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yufa””il(u) |
fa””al(a) |
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Form III |
يُفَاْعِلُ |
فَاْعَلَ |
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yufaa”il(u) |
faa”al(a) |
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Form IV |
يُفْعِلُ |
أَفْعَلَ |
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yuf”il(u) |
‘af”al(a) |
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Form V |
يَتَفَعَّلُ |
تَفَعَّلَ |
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yatafa””al(u) |
tafa””al(a) |
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Form VI |
يَتَفَاْعَلُ |
تَفَاْعَلَ |
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yatafaa”al(u) |
tafaa”al(a) |
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Form VII |
يَنْفَعِلُ |
اِنْفَعَلَ |
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yanfa”il(u) |
‘infa”al(a) |
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Form VIII |
يَفْتَعِلُ |
اِفْتَعَلَ |
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yafta”il(u) |
‘ifta”al(a) |
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Form IX |
يَفْعَلُّ |
اِفْعَلََّ |
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yaf”all(u) |
‘if”all(a) |
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Form X |
يَسْتَفْعِلُ |
اِسْتَفْعَلَ |
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yastaf”il(u) |
‘istaf”al(a) |
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Form XI |
يَفْعَاْلُّ |
اِفْعَاْلَّ |
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yaf”aall(u) |
‘if”aall(a) |
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Form XII |
يَفْعَوْعِلُ |
اِفْعَوْعَلَ |
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yaf”aw”il(u) |
‘if”aw”al(a) |
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Form XIII |
يَفْعَوِّلُ |
اِفْعَوَّلَ |
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yaf”awwil(u) |
‘if”awwal(a) |
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Form XIV |
يَفْعَنْلِلُ |
اِفْعَنْلَلَ |
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yaf”anlil(u) |
‘if”anlal(a) |
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Form XV |
يَفْعَنْلِيْ |
اِفْعَنْلَىْ |
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yaf”anliy |
‘if”anlaa |
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Form QII |
يَتَفَعْلَلُ |
تَفَعْلَلَ |
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yatafa”lal(u) |
tafa”lal(a) |
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Form QI |
يُفَعْلِلُ |
فَعْلَلَ |
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yufa”lil(u) |
fa”lal(a) |
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Form QIII |
يَفْعَنْلِلُ |
اِفْعَنْلَلَ |
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yaf”anlil(u) |
‘if”anlal(a) |
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Form QIV |
يَفْعَلِلُّ |
اِفْعَلَلَّ |
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yaf”alill(u) |
‘if”alall(a) |
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Present vs. Future Tense