Arabic Verbs 3
►Form I Doubled Verbs
Perfective form I doubled verbs have an omitted short vowel.
|
fa“al(a) |
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| fa“il(a) |
→ |
fa“l(a) |
|
fa“ul(a) |
However, if we were to omit the vowel in the imperfective, we would get the following:
|
yaf“al(u) |
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|
yaf“il(u) |
→ |
yaf”l(u) |
|
yaf“ul(u) |
Because the a between the first two root-letters is deleted in the imperfective, we would get yaf”l(u) which contains a three-consonant cluster that is unpronounceable.
Therefore, they had to keep the green short vowel in these verbs, but since the resultant structure contained -CCvC, like forms IV, X & QIV, they treated it in a similar manner and displaced the green vowel back -CCvC → -CvCC.
|
yaf”al(u) |
yafa“l(u) |
|
|
yaf”il(u) |
→ |
yafi“l(u) |
|
yaf”ul(u) |
yafu“l(u) |
Example, the verb:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
عَدَدَ |
عَدَّ |
|
“adad(a) |
“add(a) |
|
(He) counted |
|
This is an u verb, it will become:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
يَعْدُدُ |
يَعُدُّ |
|
ya“dud(u) |
ya“udd(u) |
|
(He) counts |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) عَدَّ : فَعَلَ |
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|
S I N G U L A R |
(I) count |
‘a“udd(u) |
أَعُدُّ |
|
(You masc.) count |
ta“udd(u) |
تَعُدُّ |
|
|
(You fem.) count |
ta“uddeen(a) |
تَعُدِّيْنَ |
|
|
(He) counts |
ya“udd(u) |
يَعُدُّ |
|
|
(She) counts |
ta“udd(u) |
تَعُدُّ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You masc.) count |
ta“uddaan(i) |
تَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) count |
ya“uddaan(i) |
يَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
|
(They fem.) count |
ta“uddaan(i) |
تَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
|
P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) count |
na“udd(u) |
نَعُدُّ |
|
(You masc.) count |
ta“uddoon(a) |
تَعُدُّوْنَ |
|
|
(You fem.) count |
ta“dudn(a) |
تعْدُدْنَ |
|
|
(They masc.) count |
ya“uddoon(a) |
يَعُدُّوْنَ |
|
|
(They fem.) count |
ya“dudn(a) |
يَعْدُدْنَ |
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The verb stem is restored to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
Thus, form I doubled verbs change from verbs with an omitted vowel in the perfective to verbs with a displaced-back vowel in the imperfective.
Note that imperfective form I doubled verbs are mostly u verb. There are few that are i or a verbs and most of these are classical verbs.
Some a and i verbs:
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
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|
yazall(u) |
يَظَلُّ |
zall(a) |
ظَلَّ |
|
(he) remains/stays |
(he) remained/stayed |
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|
yamall(u) |
يَمَلًُّ |
mall(a) |
مَلَّ |
|
(he) becomes bored |
(he) became bored |
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|
yakall(u) |
يَكَلَّ |
kall(a) |
كَلَّ |
|
(he) becomes worn out |
(he) became worn out |
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|
yafirr(u) |
يَفِرَّ |
farr(a) |
فَرَّ |
|
(he) escapes |
(he) escaped |
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|
yakhiff(u) |
يَخِفُّ |
khaff(a) |
خَفَّ |
|
(he) becomes light |
(he) was/became light |
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|
yaqill(u) |
يَقِلُّ |
qall(a) |
قَلَّ |
|
(he/it) becomes few/little |
(he/it) was/became few/little |
||
|
yahinn(u) |
يَحِنَّ |
hann(a) |
حَنَّ |
|
(he) yearns |
(he) yearned |
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|
yarinn(u) |
يَرِنَّ |
rann(a) |
رَنَّ |
|
(he) rings |
(he) rang |
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|
ya‘inn(u) |
يَئِنَّ |
‘ann(a) |
أَنَّ |
|
(he) moans |
(he) moaned |
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More examples of i verbs:
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Yaf”il(u)→ yafi“l(u) |
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|
شَبَّ |
حَرَّ |
جَلَّ |
شَذَّ |
خَرَّ |
|
شَطَّ |
شَحَّ |
فَحَّ |
حَبَّ |
جَدَّ |
|
نَسَّ |
دَمَّ |
دَرَّ |
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|
Conjugation of Doubled Verbs |
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|
Perfective |
Imperfective |
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|
1st person |
untie |
1st person |
don’t untie |
|
2nd person |
untie |
2nd person |
untie only with the feminine plural |
|
3rd person |
untie only with the feminine plural |
3rd person |
untie only with the feminine plural |
|
Conjugation of Doubled Verbs |
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|
Perfective |
Imperfective |
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| Forms I, VII, VIII, IX & XI | omitted short vowel | Forms VII, VIII, IX & XI | omitted short vowel |
|
Forms IV, X & QIV |
displaced-back short vowel |
Forms I, IV, X & QIV |
displaced-back short vowel |
2) Mithaal Verbs