Arabic Verbs 3
Verbs
Imperfective Structures (continued)
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs
For description of irregular verb types, you may go here
1) Doubled Verbs
Doubled verbs are verbs that end with a shadda(t), which indicates doubled consonants without a vowel in between.
The imperfective doubled verbs will need to be restored to their original forms in the feminine plural conjugations.
A point we made when we defined the doubled verbs is that there are two types of them; ones that have an omitted short vowel from between the doubled letters (-CvCvC → -CvCC, most of the verb forms) and ones that have a displaced-back short vowel (-CCvC → -CvCC, only forms I, IV, X & QIV in the imperfective).
This distinction is important in the imperfective because this vowel we are talking about is the changeable green short vowel of the imperfective structure.
For the doubled verbs with an omitted short vowel, there will not be a green short vowel in the imperfective because it is omitted. It will appear only when we restore the verbs to their original forms in the feminine plural conjugations.
For the doubled verbs with a displaced-back short vowel, there will be a green short vowel but it will be displaced back in the structure. It will move back to its original position only when we restore the verb to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
Example, the form VIII verb:
| Original Form | Doubled Verb |
|
اِشْتَدَدَ |
اِشْتَدَّ |
|
‘ishtadad(a) |
‘ishtadd(a) |
|
(He) intensified (intr.) |
|
A form VIII verb is a Ya–i verb. However, when this verb is turned into an imperfective, there will be no chance for the green short vowel to show itself because it is deleted:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
يَشْتَدِدُ |
يَشْتَدُّ |
|
yashtadid(u) |
yashtadd(u) |
|
(He) intensifies (intr.) |
|
The full conjugation:
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) اِشْتَدَّ : اِفْتَعَلَ |
|||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(I) intensify |
‘ashtadd(u) |
أَشْتَدُّ |
|
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtadd(u) |
تَشْتَدُّ |
|
|
(You fem.) intensify |
tashtaddeen(a) |
تَشْتَدِّيْنَ |
|
|
(He) intensifies |
yashtadd(u) |
يَشْتَدُّ |
|
|
(She) intensifies |
tashtadd(u) |
تَشْتَدُّ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtaddaan(i) |
تَشْتََدَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) intensify |
yashtaddaan(i) |
يَشْتَدَّاْنِ |
|
|
(They fem.) intensify |
tashtaddaan(i) |
تَشْتََدَّاْنِ |
|
|
P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) intensify |
nashtadd(u) |
نَشْتَدُّ |
|
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtaddoon(a) |
تَشْتَدُّوْنَ |
|
|
(You fem.) intensify |
tashtadidn(a) |
تَشْتَدِدْنَ |
|
|
(They masc.) intensify |
yashtaddoon(a) |
يَشْتَدُّوْنَ |
|
|
(They fem.) intensify |
yashtadidn(a) |
يَشْتَدِدْنَ |
|
The verb stem is restored to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations to prevent the formation of three-consonant clusters (ddn).
This will be the conjugation for all the forms that can be doubled verbs except forms I, IV, X & QIV. For these, the green vowel is displaced not deleted, so it will show up.
Example, a form IV verb:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
أَحْبَبَ |
أَحَبَّ |
|
‘ahbab(a) |
‘ahabb(a) |
|
(He) loved/liked |
|
A form IV verb is a Yu–i verb.
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
يُحْبِبُ |
يُحِبُّ |
|
yuhbib(u) |
yuhibb(u) |
|
(He) loves/likes |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ Indicative Imperfective (Active Voice) أَحَبَّ : أَفْعَلَ |
|||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(I) love |
‘uhibb(u) |
أُحِبُّ |
|
(You masc.) love |
tuhibb(u) |
تُحِبُّ |
|
|
(You fem.) love |
tuhibbeen(a) |
تُحِبِّيْنَ |
|
|
(He) loves |
yuhibb(u) |
يُحِبُّ |
|
|
(She) loves |
tuhibb(u) |
تُحِبُّ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You masc.) love |
tuhibbaan(i) |
تُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) love |
yuhibbaan(i) |
يُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
|
(They fem.) love |
tuhibbaan(i) |
تُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
|
P L U R A L |
(We dual/plu.) love |
nuhibb(u) |
نُحِبُّ |
|
(You masc.) love |
tuhibboon(a) |
تُحِبُّوْنَ |
|
|
(You fem.) love |
tuhbibn(a) |
تُحْبِبْنَ |
|
|
(They masc.) love |
yuhibboon(a) |
يُحِبُّوْنَ |
|
|
(They fem.) love |
yuhbibn(a) |
يُحْبِبْنَ |
|
The verb stem is restored to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
►Form I Doubled Verbs