Arabic The Possessive Expression – الإضَافَةُ
İntroduction – مُقَدِّمَةٌ
- In this lesson we will learn the following things:
- In part one of this lesson we will learn the expression which shows ownership of one thing over another – e.g., “The teacher’s car”. This is called The Possessive Expression in English and /Muđâf and Muđâf Ilaihi/ in Arabic:
| English: | Transliteration: | Arabic: |
| The book of the student | /Kitabuŧ ŧâlibi / | كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ |
| On the desk of the teacher | /ξala maktabil mudarrisi/ | عَلَىٰ مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّسِ |
- In Arabic the letter /Alif/ is used in two different ways. One of them is called /Hamza tul Qaŧξ/ and the other is called /Hamza tul Waŝl/. Hamza tul Qaŧξ is the one which is pronounced while Hamza tul Waŝl is the one which is not pronounced:
| Translation: | Transliteration: | Arabic: | Type of Alif |
| Where are you from | /Min aina anta/ | مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ | هَمْزَةُ الْقَطْعِ |
| He is the teacher’s son | /Howab nul mudarrisi/ | هُوَ ٱبْنُ ٱلْمُدَرِّسِ | هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ |
- In Arabic, words normally change their cases with different causes (see Lesson 4-section 2). We will look at the “indeclinable” words which do not change their case with different causes and maintain their vowel ending:
| Translation: | Indeclinable Words /Mabni/ الْكَلِمَاتُ الْمَبْنِيَّةُ |
| This (masculine) | هَـٰذَا |
| Who | مَنْ |
| He | هُوَ |
- The rule for the use of the vocative particle (the word used to call someone like Oh):
| Translation: | Transliteration: | Arabic: |
| Oh Muhammad | /Yaa Muhammadu/ | يَا مُحَمَّدُ |
| Oh Allah | /Yaa Allahu/ | يَا اللهُ |
| Oh teacher | /Yaa Ustadhu/ | يَا أُسْتَاذُ |