Continued
- In this lesson, we will learn a new rule related to the /Muđâf/ and /Muđâf Ilaihi/ In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing). We have learnt in Lesson No. 5 section 2 that the /Muđâf/ is definite even though it doesn’t have /alif-lām/. We also learnt that the adjective of a definite noun is always definite, so when we add an adjective to a /Muđâf/ it will be definite like it e.g.:
English | Arabic |
The new house of the Imam | بَيْتُ الإِمَامِ الْجَدِيدُ |
The boy’s broken desk | مَكْتَبُ الْوَلَدِ الْمَكْسُورُ |
The opened window of the room | نَافِذَةُ الْغُرْفَةِ الْمَفْتُوحَةُ |
- It is important to identify above the adjectives and the /Muđâf/ and /Muđâf Ilaihi/.
- Similarly when the /Muđâf Ilaihi/ (possessor) is a possessive pronoun, the adjective of such a /Muđâf/ that it qualifies is definite e.g.:
English | Arabic |
His new house | بَيْتُهُ الْجَدِيدُ |
Its opened window | نَافِذَتُهَا الْمَفْتُوحَةُ |
- It must be remembered that the adjective of the /Muđâf/ (i.e. possessed noun) that it describes always takes the same case as that of /Muđâf/ i.e.,
- If the /Muđâf/ is in nominative case, the adjective will also take the nominative case e.g.:
English | Arabic |
The new book of the teacher | كِتَابُ الْمُدَرِّسِ الْجَدِيدُ |
- If the /Muđâf/ is in genitive case, the adjective will also take the genitive case e.g.:
English | Arabic |
The book is on the teacher’s new desk | اَلْكِتَابُ عَلَى مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّسِ الْجَدِيدِ |
- If the /Muđâf/ is a feminine noun, the adjective should also be feminine, e.g.:
English | Arabic |
The old bag of the boy | حَقِيبَةُ الْوَلَدِ الْقَدِيمَةُ |
- More examples:
Picture | English | Arabic |
| This is the old car of the director | هَذِهِ سَيَّارَةُ الْمُدِيرِ الْقَدِيمَةُ. |
| The broken pen of the girl | قَلَمُ الْبِنْتِ الْمَكْسُورُ. |
| The dirty shirt of the father | قَمِيصُ الأَبِ الْوَسِخُ. |
| The sparrow on the big apple tree | اَلْعُصْفُورُ عَلَى شَجَرَةِ التُّفَّاحِ الْكَبِيرَةِ. |
| The vast (spacious) garden of the house | حَدِيقَةُ الْبَيْتِ الْوَاسِعَةُ. |
| This story is from the old book of the Arabic language | هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْقَدِيمِ. |