Arabic Moods 4 İmperative
Arabic Moods İmperative
Imperative (continued)
Irregular verbs
Doubled Verbs
Doubled verbs are verbs that have identical second and third root-letters.
When conjugating doubled verbs in the imperative, we will do what we did to the regular verbs. The difference here is that triliteral doubled perfective verbs do not take a hamza(t) in front of them when turned into the imperative; except for the plural feminine conjugation.
Example: ( عَدَّ “add(a)= counted ).
►We will start from the imperfective verb in the jussive mood.
| المُضَاْرِعُ المَجْزُوْم Imperfective (jussive)o // عَدَّ | |||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) count (masc.) |
ta“udd |
تَعُدّْ |
|
(You) count (fem.) |
ta“uddee |
تَعُدِّيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) count |
ta“uddaa |
تَعُدَّاْ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) count (masc.) |
ta“uddoo |
تَعُدُّوْا |
|
(You) count (fem.) |
ta“dudn(a) |
تَعْدُدْنَ | |
►We will remove the first letter from the verb; and that’s it, except for the plural feminine which take a hamza(t).
|
|
فِعْلُ الأًمْرِ The Imperative // عَدَّ |
||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) count (masc.) |
“udd |
عُدّْ |
|
(You) count (fem.) |
“uddee |
عُدِّيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) count |
“uddaa |
عُدَّاْ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) count (masc.) |
“uddoo |
عُدُّوْا |
|
(You) count (fem.) |
‘u“dudn(a) |
اُعْدُدْنَ | |
Mithaal Verbs
Mithaal verbs are verbs whose first original letter is a weak letter.
Similarly to what we did above, when we form imperatives from triliteral hollow perfective verbs we will do what we did for the regular verbs except that we will not add a hamza(t) in front of the verb. However, this applies only to mithaal verbs which lost their first week letters when they were turned into the imperfective. That is, only triliteral i verbs will not take the hamza(t).
Examples:
|
Imperative |
Imperfective (jussive) |
Perfective |
|
|
Promise |
عِدْ |
يَعِدْ |
وَعَدَ |
| “id | ya“id | wa“ad(a) | |
|
Find |
جِدْ |
يَجِدْ |
وَجَدَ |
| jid | yajid | wajad(a) | |
|
Come to |
فِدْ |
يَفِدْ |
وَفَدَ |
| fid | yafid | wafad(a) |
Hollow Verbs
Hollow verbs are verbs that have a weak letter as the second original letter.
When forming an imperative from a triliteral hollow perfective verb, we will do what we did for the regular verbs except that we will not add a hamza(t) in front of the verb.
Example:
| المُضَاْرِعُ المَجْزُوْم Imperfective (jussive)o // قَاْلَ | |||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) say (masc.) |
taqul |
تَقُلْ |
|
(You) say (fem.) |
taqoolee |
تَقُوْلِيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) say |
taqoolaa |
تَقُوْلاَ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) say (masc.) |
taqooloo |
تَقُوْلُوْا |
|
(You) say (fem.) |
taquln(a) |
تَقُلْنَ | |
|
فِعْلُ الأًمْرِ The Imperative // قَاْلَ |
|||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) say (masc.) |
qul |
قُلْ |
|
(You) say (fem.) |
qoolee |
قُوْلِيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) say |
qoolaa |
قُوْلاَ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) say (masc.) |
qooloo |
قُوْلُوْا |
|
(You) say (fem.) |
quln(a) |
قُلْنَ | |
Defective Verbs
Defective verbs are verbs whose last original letter is a weak letter.
Defective verbs will be dealt with just like regular verbs.
Enfolding Verbs
Enfolding verbs enfold the definitions of both mithaal and defective verbs. They have two weak letters, one at the beginning and the other at the end of the root. Those verbs get the dealing of both mithaal and defective verbs.
When we form imperatives from triliteral enfolding perfective verbs we will do what we did for the regular verbs except that we will not add a hamza(t) in front of the verb. This applies only to i verbs which lost their first week letters when they were turned into the imperfective.
Example: ( وَفَىْ wafaa = was loyal ). The root is : و ف ي W F Y
| المُضَاْرِعُ المَجْزُوْم Imperfective (jussive)o // وَفَىْ | |||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) be loyal (masc.) |
tafi |
تَفِ |
|
(You) be loyal (fem.) |
tafee |
تَفِيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) be loyal |
tafiyaa |
تَفِيَاْ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) be loyal (masc.) |
tafoo |
تَفُوْا |
|
(You) be loyal (fem.) |
tafeen(a) |
تَفِيْنَ | |
|
|
فِعْلُ الأًمْرِ The Imperative // وَفَىْ |
||
|
S I N G U L A R |
(You) be loyal (masc.) |
fi Followed by other talking |
فِ |
|
fih Not followed by other talking |
فِهْ |
||
|
(You) be loyal (fem.) |
fee |
فِيْ |
|
|
D U A L |
(You) be loyal |
fiyaa |
فِيَاْ |
|
P L U R A L |
(You) be loyal (masc.) |
foo |
فُوْا |
|
(You) be loyal (fem.) |
feen(a) |
فِيْنَ | |