Arabic Noun Phrase 2

LESSON 2 مُضَافٌ وَُ مُُضَافٌ إُِلَيْوُِ Consider the following sentences: ‘slave of Allah,’ ‘messenger of Allah,’ ‘door of the house,’ ‘the Messenger’s order,’ ‘Mahmood’s pen,’ ‘Khalid’s book,’ ‘Hameed’s house.’ These phrases and those with a similar pattern are called mudaaf (مُضَافٌُ ) and mudaaf ilayhi (مُضَافٌ إُِلَيْوُِ ). One thing (mudaaf) is attributed to the other (mudaaf ilayhi). Many times, the relationship is that of the possessed to its possessor. The possessed is called mudaaf and the possessor is called mudaaf ilayhi. For example, in the phrase ‘Mahmood’s pen,’ the pen is owned by Mahmood. Therefore, ‘pen’ is mudaaf and ‘Mahmood’ is mudaaf ilayhi. To translate a sentence of this type into Arabic, follow these steps: Take out ‘of’ or the apostrophe and the ‘s,’ which show possession. If you have taken out the apostrophe and the ‘s,’ reverse the sequence. Write the second word first and the first word second. If you took out ‘of,’ then there is no need to reverse the sequence. Replace the English words with their Arabic equivalents. Give the mudaaf a single dammah and the mudaaf ilayhi two kasrahs. For example, to translate the phrase ‘Mahmood’s pen’ to Arabic, first take out the apostrophe and ‘s.’ It becomes ‘Mahmood pen.’ Then, change the order of the words to ‘pen Mahmood.’ Next, replace the words with their Arabic equivalents. You get قلمُ مُمود . Now, give the mudaaf a single dammah and the mudaaf ilayhi two kasrahs. You get قَ لَمُ مَُُْمُوْدٍُ . Following the same method, ‘Khalid’s book’ becomes كِتَابُ خَُالِدٍُ . For a sentence with ‘of,’ such as ‘ring of gold,’ first remove the ‘of.’ It becomes ‘ring gold.’ Now, replace the words with their Arabic equivalents. You get خاتم ذُىب . Lesson 2 Now, give the mudaaf a single dammah and the mudaaf ilayhi two kasrahs. You get خَاتَمُ ذَُىَبٍُ . The rules concerning alif-laam have been mentioned in the first lesson. Those rules will apply here also. Thus, if there is an alif-laam at the beginning of the mudaaf ilayhi, the two kasrahs will become one kasrah. خَاتَمُ ذَُىَبٍُ will become خَاتَمُ اُلذَّىَبُِ . It should be noted here that the mudaaf never accepts alif-laam or tanween. For instance, in the above example, خَاتَمُُ will not accept alif-laam or tanween. Word List English Arabic Singular Plural home, house دَارٌُ دِيَارٌُ، دُُوُْرٌُ ب يَْتٌُ ب يُُ وْتٌُ wall جِدَارٌُ جُدُرٌ، جُُدْرَانٌُ door بَابٌُ أَُبْ وَابٌُ clay طُِيٌُْ jar جَرَّةٌُ جِرَارٌُ room حُجْرَةٌُ حُجُرَاتٌُ غُرْفَةٌُ غُرَفٌُ window شُبَّاكٌُ شَبَابِيْكُُ table مِنْضَدَةٌُ مَنَاضِدُُ wood خَشَبٌُ خُشُبٌ ,ُ أَُُخْشَابٌُ ceiling سَقْفٌُ سُقُوْفٌُ roof سَطْحٌُ سُطُوْحٌ ,ُ أَُُسْطُحٌُ dirt ت رَُابٌُ أَُتْرِبَةٌُ iron حَدِيْدٌُ مُضَافٌ وَُ مُُضَافٌ إُلَيْوُِ English Arabic Singular Plural cupboard, shelf رَ ي فُ رُفُ وْفٌُ bed سَرِيْ رٌُ أَُسِرَّةٌُ throne عَرْشٌُ عُرُوْشٌُ leg of a table, bed, etc. قَائِمَةٌُ قَ وَائِمُُ stove مَوْقِدٌُ مَوَاقِدُُ fire نَارٌُ نِيْ رَانٌُ unbaked brick لَبِنَةٌُ لَبٌُِ baked brick اُٰجُرَّةٌُ اٰجُيرُ brass صُفْرٌُ copper نُحَاسٌُ jug إُِبْرِيْقٌُ أَُبَارِيْقُُ cooking pot قِدْرٌُ قُدُوْرٌُ sun شََْسٌُ شَُُوْسٌُ heat حَيرُ glass (as substance) زُجَاجٌُ bottle قِنِّ يْ نَةٌُ قَ نَانٍُ notebook كُرَّاسَةٌُ كَرَارِيْسُُ paper قِرْطَاسٌُ قَ رَاطُِيْسُُ cap قَ لَنْسُوَةٌُ قَلََنِسُُ gun ب نُْدُوْقِيَّةٌُ ب نََادِقُُ bullet رَصَاصَةٌُ رَصَاصٌُ sock جَوْرَبٌُ جَوَارِبُُ wool صُوْفٌُ أَُصْوَافٌُ cheap رَخِيْصٌُ Lesson 2 10 English Arabic Singular Plural expensive ثََِيٌُْ high رَفِيْعٌُ long, tall طَوِيْلٌُ طِوَالٌُ religion, deen; judgment دِيْنٌُ doubt رَيْبٌُ to establish, establishing إُِقَامَةٌُ to give, giving إُِيْ تَاءٌُ to spend, spending إُِنْ فَاقٌُ to light (a fire) اِسْتِيْ قَادٌُ foolish, stupid, silly; fool سَفِيْوٌُ سُفَهَاءُُ meeting لِقَاءٌُ oppression; to exceed proper bounds طُغْيَانٌُ city, town ب لَْدَةٌُ country; city, town ب لََدٌُ بُِلََدٌ، بُ لُْدَانٌُ city, town مَدِيْ نَةٌُ مُدُنٌُ people نَاسٌُ light ضَوْءٌُ أَُضْوَاءُُ lamp سِرَاجٌُ سُرُجٌُ around حَوْلَُ darkness ظُلْمَةٌُ ظُلُمَاتٌُ night لَيْلٌُ لَيَالٍُ )ُاَللَّيَالُِ( sound صَوْتٌُ أَُصْوَاتٌُ thunder رَعْدٌُ رُعُوْدٌُ مُضَافٌ وَُ مُُضَافٌ إُلَيْوُِ English Arabic Singular Plural flash لَمْعَانٌُ lightning ب رَْقٌُ ب رُُوْقٌُ finger, toe إُِصْبَعٌُ أَُصَابِعُُ foot; leg رِجْلٌُ أَُرْجُلٌُ soldier جُنْدِ ي يُ جُنُ وْدٌُ journey, travel رِحْلَةٌُ winter شِتَاءٌُ summer صَيْفٌُ spring رَبِيْعٌُ autumn, fall خَرِيْفٌُ person إُِنْسَانٌُ poor due (zakah) زَكوٰةٌ، زَُكَاةٌُ material wealth مَالٌُ أَُمْوَالٌُ rug, carpet فَ رْشٌُ فُ رُوْشٌُ day ي وَْمٌُ أَُيَّامٌُ order أَُمْرٌُُ أَُوَامِرُُُ حُكْمٌُ أَحْكَامٌُ pen قَ لَُمٌُ أَُقْلََمٌُ servant خَادِمٌُ خُدَّامٌُ book كِتَابٌُ كُتُبٌُ gold ذَىَبٌُ ring خَاتَمٌُ خَوَاتِمُُ ground/floor أرْضٌُ Lesson 2 Exercise 1: Translate into Arabic. Wall of the house Clay jar (jar of clay) Window of the room Wood of the table Roof of the house Dirt of the roof Iron cupboard (cupboard of iron) Hameed’s bed Legs of the throne Fire of the stove The baked brick floor (floor of baked bricks) The sun’s heat Brass jug (jug of brass) The copper cooking pot (cooking pot of copper) The glass bottle (bottle of glass) The notebook’s paper The woolen cap (cap of wool) The gun’s bullet The woolen socks (socks of wool) The cupboard’s glass is expensive. The clay jar is cheap. The house’s wall is long. The house’s roof is high. The copper jug is expensive. Exercise 2: Translate into English. يوَْمُاُلدِّيْنُِ رَيْبُاُلُِْنْسَانُِ إُِقَامَةُاُلصَّلََُةُِ إُِيْتَاءُاُلزَّكَُاةُِ إُِنْفَاقُاُلْمَالُِ لِقَاءُصَُدِيْقٍُ مُضَافٌ وَُ مُُضَافٌ إُلَيْوُِ سُفَهَاءُبُلَُْدَُةٍُ طُغْيَانُاُلنَّاسُِ اِسْتِيْقَادُاُلنَّارُِ ضَوْءُسُُِرَاجٍُ حَوْلَُاُلْمَدُِيْنَةُِ ظُلْمَةُاُللَّيْلُِ صَوْتُاُلرَّعْدُِ لَمْعَانُاُلْبَرْقُِ أَُصَابِعُرُُِجُْلٍُ رِحْلَةُاُلشِّتَاءِوَُاُلصَّيْفُِ مَاءُاُلثَّلْجِبَُارِدٌُ خَشَبُاُلْبَابِثََُِيٌُْ رَفُّاُلْقِرْطَاسِرَُخِيْصٌُ إُِبْرِيْقُاُلصُُّفْرِثََُِيٌُْ اِبْنُاُلرَّجُلِعَُاقِلٌُ

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